How do cells know where to go and how do they communicate with each other? This process is done by induction, which is an interaction between tissues and or cells within close proximity of each other. Induction has two steps, the inducer (what produces the signal) and the responder (the tissue or cell being induced). In order for the cell to respond to the inducer, must be able to respond to the signal. This ability to respond to a signal is called competence. Each cell has a receptor for the signaling pathways. There are four types of ways cells signal each other.
- Autocrine --> affecting itself
- Paracrine --> adjacent to each other
- FGF
- Hedgehog
- WNT
- TGF-B
- Juxtacrine --> no diffusion; adjacent to each other (CONTACT)
- Endocrine --> far from each other
- Ex: Hormones
Together these different signals work together in development processes. If there is a mutation in a receptor, then the correct protein will not produced or may not be produced at all. This can cause many developmental issues in the organism.
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